Archive for the ‘Hebrews 13’ Tag
Above: Mina of Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Image in the Public Domain
Team God
NOVEMBER 17, 2024
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
According to the Inter-Lutheran Commission on Worship (ILCW) Lectionary (1973), as contained in the Lutheran Book of Worship (1978) and Lutheran Worship (1982)
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Daniel 7:9-10
Psalm 111
Hebrews 13:20-21
Mark 13:24-31
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Almighty and ever-living God,
before the earth was formed and even after it ceases to be,
you are God.
Break into our short span of life
and let us see the signs of your final will and purpose;
through your Son, Jesus Christ our Lord.
—Lutheran Book of Worship (1978), 30
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Almighty and ever-living God,
since you have given exceedingly great and precious promises
to those who believe,
grant us so perfectly and without all doubt
to believe in your Son Jesus Christ
that our faith in your sight may never be reproved;
through our Savior, Jesus Christ,
who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit,
one God, now and forever. Amen.
–Lutheran Worship (1982), 92
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The apocalyptic theme of the victory of suffering love (from last Sunday) continues this week. God will win in the end, the apocalyptic genre teaches. Hence, the genre is inherently optimistic.
The reading from Daniel 7 makes more sense if we add verses 8 and 11 for textual context. YHWH (the Ancient of Days) sits enthroned in glory amid arrogant kings. The “little horn” in Daniel 7:9 and 11 is Antiochus IV Epiphanes (reigned 175-164 B.C.E.), the bête noire of the First, Second, and Fourth Books of the Maccabees. The text of Daniel 7 slightly postdates the death of Antiochus IV Epiphanes, hence the interpretation of him in the chapter. Notice, O reader, that the “little horn” does not endure long in the presence of God (Daniel 7:11).
Pairing Mark 13:24-31 with Daniel 7:13-14 (from next week) would have made sense, but the ILCW Lectionary committee did not make that decision.
The handiwork of God is truth and justice, we read in Psalm 111. There we also read that divine precepts are trustworthy, staunch for all time, and fashioned in truth and right. The Epistle to the Hebrews adds:
…may [the God of peace] prepare you to do his will in every kind of good action; effecting in us all whatever is acceptable to himself through Jesus Christ, to whom be glory for ever and ever, Amen.
–Verse 21, The New Jerusalem Bible
May we be on Team God. May we be agents of divine truth and justice. May we do the will of God in every kind of good action. May others recognize God working through us. May we be humble, not arrogant, before God.
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
MAY 12, 2023 COMMON ERA
THE THIRTY-FOURTH DAY OF EASTER
THE FEAST OF SAINT GERMANUS I OF CONSTANTINOPLE, PATRIARCH OF CONSTANTINOPLE, AND DEFENDER OF ICONS
THE FEAST OF SAINT GREGORY OF OSTIA, ROMAN CATHOLIC ABBOT, CARDINAL, AND LEGATE; AND SAINT DOMINIC OF THE CAUSEWAY, ROMAN CATHOLIC HERMIT
THE FEAST OF PAUL MAZAKUTE, FIRST SIOUX EPISCOPAL PRIEST
THE FEAST OF ROGER SCHÜTZ, FOUNDER OF THE TAIZÉ COMMUNITY
THE FEAST OF SYLVESTER II, BISHOP OF ROME
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Link to the corresponding post at BLOGA THEOLOGICA
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Above: Icon of Christ Pantocrator
Scan by Kenneth Randolph Taylor
Faithful Community
NOVEMBER 20, 2022
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Blessed Lord, who caused all holy Scriptures to be written for our learning:
Grant us so to hear them, read, mark, learn, and inwardly digest them,
that we may embrace and ever hold fast the blessed hope of life,
which you have given us in our Savior Jesus Christ, who lives and reigns
with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. Amen.
—The Book of Common Prayer (1979), page 236
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Jeremiah 33:14-16
Psalm 100
Hebrews 13:1-16, 20-21
John 17:1-26
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
How can people live in faith community? Certain details vary according to when and where a given faith community lives, as well as who comprises it. However, Hebrews 13 provides essential guidance for how to live the John 17,
that they will all be one,
just as Jesus and YHWH are one. I choose not to copy or paraphrase all of Hebrews 13:1-16, 20-21. I encourage you, O reader, to study that text instead.
I do have some comments, though. The instructions are representative, not comprehensive. They boil down to this summary: Honor the image of God in one another. This is the essence of compassion, which begins by getting outside of oneself.
The Church has a bad name in many quarters. A certain bumper sticker reads,
JESUS, SAVE ME FROM YOUR FOLLOWERS.
Many non-Christians think of Christians as being non-judgmental. To be honest, many Christians associate Christianity with right-wing politics, Nativism, xenophobia, fascism, nationalism, and discredited conspiracy theories. To be honest, many self-identifying Christians embrace at least one of the following: right-wing politics, Nativism, xenophobia, fascism, nationalism, and discredited conspiracy theories. One may even think of Falangism, which is Christian fascism, as in Francisco Franco’s Spain. The contemporary fascist movement in the United States of America does come wrapped in the American flag and the Christian cross. Many of the Church’s wounds are self-inflicted injuries. The proper Christian response to these criticisms is to avoid defensiveness and to live the faith as Jesus taught it.
We of the Church can learn much from our critics. Some of them may know the ethics and morals of Jesus better than many of us do. The Holy Spirit may be speaking to the Church through some of the Church’s critics.
Christ is the King of the Universe. Many of his subjects on Earth are not in the Church. Likewise, many of the members of the Church are not Christ’s subjects. The Gospel of Mark teaches that many who think they are insiders are really outsiders, and vice versa. That lesson functions simultaneously as warning and comfort.
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
FEBRUARY 3, 2021 COMMON ERA
THE FEAST OF SAINTS ANSKAR AND RIMBERT, ROMAN CATHOLIC ARCHBISHOPS OF HAMBURG-BREMEN
THE FEAST OF ADELAIDE ANNE PROCTER, ENGLISH POET AND FEMINIST
THE FEAST OF SAINT ALFRED DELP, GERMAN ROMAN CATHOLIC PRIEST AND MARTYR, 1945
THE FEAST OF JEMIMA THOMPSON LUKE, ENGLISH CONGREGATIONALIST HYMN WRITER; AND JAMES EDMESTON, ANGLICAN HYMN WRITER
THE FEAST OF SAMUEL DAVIES, U.S. PRESBYTERIAN MINISTER AND HYMN WRITER
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
https://blogatheologica.wordpress.com/2021/02/03/faithful-community-part-vii/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Above: Caduceus
Image in the Public Domain
Judgment and Mercy
NOVEMBER 17, 2024
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Blessed Lord, who caused all holy Scriptures to be written for our learning:
Grant us so to hear them, read, mark, learn, and inwardly digest them,
that we may embrace and ever hold fast the blessed hope of life,
which you have given us in our Savior Jesus Christ, who lives and reigns
with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. Amen.
—The Book of Common Prayer (1979), page 236
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Numbers 21:4-9 or Malachi 3:19-24/4:1-6
Psalm 74:1-2, 10-17
Hebrews 13:1-16, 20-21
Mark 12:35-44
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The promise of divine punishment for evil and of divine deliverance of the oppressed and righteous on the great Day of the LORD is one example of judgment and mercy being like sides of a coin. The deliverance of the oppressed is very bad news for the oppressors, who are, in a way, victims of themselves.
If we behave as we should–revere God, take care of each other, et cetera–we will not have to fear punishment from God for not doing so. We may incur punishment from human authorities, as in Tobit 1, but God did not promise a peaceful life in exchange for righteousness.
Two stories require more attention.
The cure in Numbers, cited also in John 3:14-15, in the context of the crucifixion of Jesus, our Lord and Savior’s glorification, according to the Fourth Gospel, is a textbook case of sympathetic magic. It is related to Egyptian imagery of kingship, divinity, and protection from cobra saliva. A commonplace visual echo is the caduceus, the medical symbol.
Pay attention to what precedes and follows Mark 12:41-44. Our Lord and Savior’s condemnation of those who, among other things,
eat up the property of widows,
precedes the account of the widow giving all she had to the Temple. Immediately in Chapter 13, we read a prediction of the destruction of the Temple. I conclude that Jesus found the widow’s faith laudable yet grieved her choice.
May our lives bring glory to God and lead others to faith and discipleship. May we, in our zeal, not go off the deep end and embarrass God and/or accidentally drive people away from God or get in the way of evangelism. And may we never mistake an internal monologue for a dialogue with God.
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
JULY 27, 2019 COMMON ERA
THE FEAST OF BROOKE FOSS WESTCOTT, ANGLICAN SCHOLAR, BIBLE TRANSLATOR, AND BISHOP OF DURHAM; AND FENTON JOHN ANTHONY HORT, ANGLICAN PRIEST AND SCHOLAR
THE FEAST OF CHRISTIAN HENRY BATEMAN, ANGLICAN PRIEST AND HYMN WRITER
THE FEAST OF JOHAN NORDAHL BRUN, NORWEGIAN LUTHERAN BISHOP, AUTHOR, AND HYMN WRITER
THE FEAST OF WILLIAM REED HUNTINGTON, EPISCOPAL PRIEST AND RENEWER OF THE CHURCH; AND HIS GRANDSON, WILLIAM REED HUNTINGTON, U.S. ARCHITECT AND QUAKER PEACE ACTIVIST
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
https://blogatheologica.wordpress.com/2019/07/27/judgment-and-mercy-part-xiv/
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Above: Rehoboam, by Hans Holbein the Younger
Image in the Public Domain
Timeless Principles of Righteousness
AUGUST 29 and 30, 2022
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The Collect:
O God, you resist those who are proud and give grace those who are humble.
Give us the humility of your Son, that we may embody
the generosity of Jesus Christ, our Savior and Lord. Amen.
—Evangelical Lutheran Worship (2006), page 46
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The Assigned Readings:
2 Chronicles 12:1-12 (Monday)
Isaiah 2:12-17 (Tuesday)
Psalm 119:65-72 (Both Days)
Hebrews 13:7-21 (Monday)
Titus 1:1-9 (Tuesday)
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Teach me judgement and knowledge,
for I rely on your commandments.
–Psalm 119:66, The New Jerusalem Bible (1985)
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Leaders should obey God and be worthy of respect, the readings tell us. This principle applies to religious leaders in the New Testament lections and to monarchs (in a system lacking the separation of religion and state) in the Old Testament lessons. In all of the readings the theme of praising humility and condemning hubris, present in previous posts, continues. As I have noted more than once, one might commit error while trying to obey divine commandments, as one understands them. Sometimes we mistake God’s voice for our own.
As I have written in the context of the Law of Moses, scripture provides us with timeless principles and culturally specific examples thereof. The examples fall away, but the principles persist. Much legalism results from becoming attached to now-irrelevant examples, not the timeless principles behind them. There is, in contrast, a wonderful Jewish practice of pondering the principles and how to act according to them in current circumstances.
May we, like the author of Psalm 119, rely on divine commandments without fixating on now-irrelevant, culturally specific examples.
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
MARCH 25, 2016 COMMON ERA
GOOD FRIDAY
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
https://blogatheologica.wordpress.com/2016/03/25/timeless-principles-of-righteousness/
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Above: Christ, the Good Shepherd
Image in the Public Domain
Sheep and Shepherds
JULY 19-21, 2021
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The Collect:
O God, powerful and compassionate,
you shepherd your people, faithfully feeding and protecting us.
Heal each of us, and make us a whole people,
that we may embody the justice and peace of your Son,
Jesus Christ, our Savior and Lord. Amen.
–Evangelical Lutheran Worship (2006), page 42
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The Assigned Readings:
Jeremiah 50:1-7 (Monday)
Zechariah 9:14-10:2 (Tuesday)
2 Samuel 5:1-12 (Wednesday)
Psalm 100 (All Days)
Hebrews 13:17-25 (Monday)
Acts 20:17-38 (Tuesday)
Luke 15:1-7 (Wednesday)
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Shout joyfully to the LORD, all you lands;
serve the LORD with gladness;
come before him with joyful song.
Know that the LORD is God,
he made us, we belong to him,
we are his people, the flock he shepherds.
Enter his gates with thanksgiving,
his courts with praise.
Give thanks to him, bless his name;
good indeed is the LORD,
his faithfulness lasts through every generation.
–Psalm 100, The New American Bible–Revised Edition (2010)
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
All of the assigned readings for these three days speak of sheep and shepherds:
- God is the shepherd in Psalm 100.
- God is the shepherd-divine warrior who will end the Babylonian Exile in Jeremiah 50:1-7 and Zechariah 9:14-10:2.
- David, a troublesome character, is the shepherd-king in 2 Samuel 5:1-12.
- Jesus is the Good Shepherd in Luke 15:1-7.
- St. Paul the Apostle is the shepherd warning of “fierce wolves” in Acts 20:17-38.
- Faithful church leaders are the shepherds worthy of obedience in Hebrews 13:17-25.
Now I proceed to unpack some themes:
- The core of church doctrine, as in the question of the nature of Christ, developed over centuries, during which debates, arguments, and street brawls, and knife fights occurred in the name of sorting out proper theology. Much of what we Christians take for granted these days came about over five centuries, give or take a few years. Even the latest book in the New Testament did not exist until the end of the first century of the Common Era, and consensus regarding canonical status required more time to form. In that context obeying orthodox bishops made a great deal of sense, although the definition of orthodoxy shifted over time. Origen, for example, was orthodox in his day yet heterodox ex post facto.
- The parable from Luke 15:1-7 assumes a team of shepherds, so one shepherd could leave to seek a lost sheep without fear of losing more animals.
- That parable tells us that all people matter to Jesus. They should, therefore, matter to us also.
- One metaphor for kings in the Bible is shepherds. Some shepherds are good, but others are bad, unfortunately. Good kings do what is best for all the people, especially the vulnerable ones.
- God is the best shepherd, protecting the flock, seeking an unbroken and unforgotten covenant with it, and searching for the lost sheep. The flock can be bigger, and we can, by grace, function well as junior shepherds, subordinate to God, the senior shepherd.
I notice the community theme inherent in the metaphor of the flock. We depend upon God, the ultimate shepherd, and upon the other shepherds in the team. We also depend upon and bear responsibilities toward each other, for we follow the lead of others–often the lead of fellow sheep. Sometimes this is for better, but often it is for worse. Sticking together and following the proper leader is essential for group survival and for individual survival.
May we, by grace, recognize the voice of God, our ultimate shepherd, and follow it.
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
APRIL 5, 2015 COMMON ERA
EASTER SUNDAY, YEAR B
THE FEAST OF MILNER BALL, PRESBYTERIAN MINISTER, LAW PROFESSOR, WITNESS FOR CIVIL RIGHTS, AND HUMANITARIAN
THE FEAST OF SAINT NOKTER BALBULUS, ROMAN CATHOLIC MONK
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
https://blogatheologica.wordpress.com/2015/04/05/sheep-and-shepherds/
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Above: Christ and His Apostles, 1890
Image in the Public Domain
Doing the Right Thing
JUNE 12-14, 2023
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The Collect:
O God, you are the source of life and the ground of our being.
By the power of your Spirit bring healing to this wounded world,
and raise us to the new life of your Son, Jesus Christ our Savior and Lord. Amen.
—Evangelical Lutheran Worship (2006), page 38
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The Assigned Readings:
Leviticus 15:25-31; 22:1-19 (Monday)
Hosea 8:11-14; 10:1-2 (Tuesday)
Hosea 14:1-9 (Wednesday)
Psalm 40:1-8 (All Days)
2 Corinthians 6:14-7:2 (Monday)
Hebrews 13:1-16 (Tuesday)
Matthew 12:1-8 (Wednesday)
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Blessed is the one who trusts in the Lord,
who does not turn to the proud that follow a lie.
–Psalm 40:4, Common Worship (2000)
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Turning is of the essence.
The Kingdom of Israel was prosperous and militarily strong under King Jeroboam II. Yet all was far from well. Idolatry and economic exploitation were commonplace and the alliance with Assyria was dangerous. God, through the prophet Hosea, called the populaton to repent—to change their minds, to turn around. They did not do this, of course, and fearful consequences came to pass. Yet there was also the assurance of forgiveness.
Other assigned radings also concern unwise associations and those perceived to be thus. The lesson from Leviticus 15 demonstrates the antipathy of the Law of Moses toward female biology—in the context of ritual impurity. There were many causes of ritual impurity in that law code. Touching a corpse, coming into contact with a bodily emissions, et cetera, rendered one impure and therefore unfit to fulfill various holy functions. Not doing certain acts just so also resulted in ritual impurity, something contagious. As Jewish Bible scholar Richard Elliott Friedman wrote regarding Leviticus 15:23:
…This tells us something about the nature of impurity. It spreads throughout a person or object. And it is not any kind of creature, like bacteria. It is a pervasive condition.
—Commentary on the Torah (2001), page 365
The fear of bad influences present in Hosea and Leviticus exists also in the New Testament readings. Indeed, we ought to care deeply about the nature of our peer groups and our intimate partners, for they do influence us. But we should never forget that Jesus, our Lord and Savior, scandalized respectable people by associationg with marginalized and disreputable people. The sick need a doctor, he said. If we who call ourselves Christians mean what our label indicates, how many respectable people will we offend and scandalize?
We ought also to avoid using piety (such as keeping the Sabbath in Matthew 12:1-8) as an excuse for missing the point. Human needs mater. Sometimes they prove incompatible with a form of piety which only those of a certain socio-economic status can afford to keep. And we should never use piety as an excuse not to commit a good deed, as one character in the Parable of the Good Samaritan did. If the man lying by the side of the raod had been dead, the priest would have become ritually impure by touching him. Then the cleric would have been unfit to conduct certain rites. Human needs matter more, or at least they should.
May we repent of using any excuse for not doing the right thing. May our active love for each other spread like a contagion—a good one.
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
MAY 14, 2014 COMMON ERA
THE FEAST OF FRANCIS MAKEMIE, FATHER OF U.S. PRESBYTERIANISM
THE FEAST OF EDWARD HENRY BICKERSTETH, ANGLICAN BISHOP OF EXETER
THE FEAST OF JOHN ROBERTS/IEUAN GWYLLT, FOUNDER OF WELSH SINGING FESTIVALS
THE FEAST OF NGAKUKU, ANGLICAN MISSIONARY
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
https://blogatheologica.wordpress.com/2014/05/28/doing-the-right-thing/
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Above: Christ Pantocrator, Daphni, Greece
Duties to God and Each Other
The Sunday Closest to August 31
Twelfth Sunday After Pentecost
AUGUST 28, 2022
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
The Assigned Readings:
Jeremiah 2:4-13 and Psalm 81:1, 10-16
or
Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 10:12-18 or Proverbs 25:6-7 and Psalm 112
then
Hebrews 13:1-8, 15-16
Luke 14:1, 7-14
The Collect:
Grant, O merciful God, that your Church, being gathered together in unity by your Holy Spirit, may show forth your power among all peoples, to the glory of your Name; through Jesus Christ our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, for ever and ever. Amen.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Some Related Posts:
Prayer of Praise and Adoration:
http://gatheredprayers.wordpress.com/2011/03/23/prayer-of-praise-and-adoration-for-the-fifteenth-sunday-after-pentecost/
Prayer of Confession:
http://gatheredprayers.wordpress.com/2011/03/23/prayer-of-confession-for-the-fifteenth-sunday-after-pentecost/
Prayer of Dedication:
http://gatheredprayers.wordpress.com/2011/03/23/prayer-of-dedication-for-the-fifteenth-sunday-after-pentecost/
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
Let mutual love continue.
–Hebrews 13:1, New Revised Standard Version
Thus I find my theme for this post. That theme unites the assigned readings for Proper 17, Year C. The rest of the Hebrews lection speaks of our obligations to God and each other. These duties exist in the context of mutual love.
I am, among other things, intellectually honest. The readings from Jeremiah 2, Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 10, and Psalm 81 speak of divine judgment for faithlessness among people for God has done much. These lections do not seem loving. And Psalm 112 sounds too much like Prosperity Theology for my comfort. I can think of parts of both Testaments which contradict it. If you, O reader, expect me to provide simple answers to these, I will disappoint you. I could provide such answers, but I would do so insincerely and they would be useless.
I write these words during Advent 2012. (I like to write ahead of schedule.) During this time the words attributed to Hannah in 1 Samuel 2 and Mary in Luke 1 ring in my head.
The LORD makes poor and makes rich,
he brings low, he also exalts.
He raises up the poor from the dust;
he lifts up the needy from the ash heap,
to make them sit with princes
and inherit a seat of great honor.
–1 Samuel 2:7-8a, New Revised Standard Version
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
He has routed the proud and all their schemes;
he has brought down monarchs from their thrones,
and raised high the lowly.
He has filled the hungry with good things,
and sent the rich empty away.
–Luke 1:51b-53, Revised English Bible
Those beloved passages are consistent with Jeremiah 2, Sirach/Ecclesiasticus 10, and Psalm 81. Whether this reversal of fortune is good news depends on who one is.
The context for this reversal of fortune is faithlessness to God, who has done much for us. It is polite to be grateful to one who delivers, is it not? So attitudes occupy the heart of the matter. And we cannot love God, whom we cannot see, unless we love people, whom we can see. Our deeds will reveal our creeds. That much I know for certain. As for the rest, ask God.
KENNETH RANDOLPH TAYLOR
DECEMBER 17, 2012 COMMON ERA
THE FEAST OF MARIA STEWART, EDUCATOR
THE FEAST OF EGLANTYNE JEBB, FOUNDER OF SAVE THE CHILDREN
THE FEAST OF FRANK MASON NORTH, U.S. METHODIST MINISTER
THE FEAST OF SAINT OLYMPIAS, ORTHODOX DEACONESS
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
http://blogatheologica.wordpress.com/2013/05/27/duties-to-god-and-each-other/
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
ORDINARY TIME DEVOTIONS 
You must be logged in to post a comment.